Energy and macronutrients intake in an Italian infants cohort at 24 months of age

Abstract Background Dietary habits during infancy and early childhood could have short long-term health effects influence future adults' dietary habits. Acting this sensitive period of life be crucial. In 2006 a prospective infants cohort study was established at the Maternal Child Institute - Burlo Garofolo in Trieste, Italy (Trieste Infant Feeding Cohort TIF cohort) to assess energy nutrients intake first three years infants' life. This nutritional analysis focused on 24 months age. Methods data were collected using 3-day record (3-d DR) analysed software containing Italian Food Composition database integrated with from labels literature. Energy macronutrients compared Reference Values (DRV) WHO recommendation. Differences by sex also assessed. Results 3d-DR filled for 157 infants. Available carbohydrates (CHO) starch intakes significantly significant higher males (p < 0.05). The percentage contribution CHO total line DRV (75.8% within reference interval (RI)) similarly 75.2% are RI fats. Proteins' intake, instead, above 53.5% over daily protein greater than estimated (median 43.9 g/d, IQR 16.2 g/d vs median 10.3 1.3 g/d). Conclusions results show substantial adherence recommendations macronutrient except excess intake. Elevated play role developing consequences seems linked overweight obesity. Further evaluation should desirable. Key messages Nutritional studies essential tools allow contribute evolution. Macronutrients analysis, particular focus proteins can help evaluate children’ patterns, intercept possibly correct unhealthy